Article 2 — Definitions

Unfair Commercial Practices Directive, Directive 2005/29/EC

What does UCPD Article 2 say?

Short answer, straight from the official text

For the purposes of this Directive: (a) ‘consumer’ means any natural person who, in commercial practices covered by this Directive, is acting for purposes which are outside his trade, business, craft or profession;

Source: Unfair Commercial Practices Directive, Directive 2005/29/EC, read 2026-10-13.

Official text

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For the purposes of this Directive:

(a) ‘consumer’ means any natural person who, in commercial practices covered by this Directive, is acting for purposes which are outside his trade, business, craft or profession;

(b) ‘trader’ means any natural or legal person who, in commercial practices covered by this Directive, is acting for purposes relating to his trade, business, craft or profession and anyone acting in the name of or on behalf of a trader;

(c) ‘product’ means any goods or service including immovable property, rights and obligations;

(d) ‘business-to-consumer commercial practices’ (hereinafter also referred to as commercial practices) means any act, omission, course of conduct or representation, commercial communication including advertising and marketing, by a trader, directly connected with the promotion, sale or supply of a product to consumers;

(e) ‘to materially distort the economic behaviour of consumers’ means using a commercial practice to appreciably impair the consumer's ability to make an informed decision, thereby causing the consumer to take a transactional decision that he would not have taken otherwise;

(f) ‘code of conduct’ means an agreement or set of rules not imposed by law, regulation or administrative provision of a Member State which defines the behaviour of traders who undertake to be bound by the code in relation to one or more particular commercial practices or business sectors;

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The same rule in other acts

These articles carry the same official heading. The wording is not identical; read each text at its own source.

• GDPR Article 4 — Definitions
• AI Act Article 3 — Definitions
• NIS2 Article 6 — Definitions
• DSA Article 3 — Definitions

Who does this apply to

The register names five roles. Open a role to see the duties this act places on it, each row with its article and its source.

• Seller in distance selling

Does this apply to us?

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All roles in the register · All questions by role

The text is quoted from the official source and is not legal advice. A national court reads the language version that binds in its jurisdiction.

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